Ruin, Rubble, and the Necropolitics of History

Abstract

Luigi Fiorillo’s Album Souvenir d’Alexandrie: Ruines 1882 documented the bombardment and looting of Alexandria, Egypt on July 11-13, 1882. The album is preoccupied with the architectural, rather than the human face of devastation: buildings were ruined rather than lives. Its images bring in focus the destruction caused to the modern buildings by the fires of the Arab looters and blur out the death toll the British invasion has had on the residents of the city. While the album focused predominantly on the wrecked buildings, it also included images of dead Egyptians. In a photograph titled Les batteries de Ras-el-Tin démantelées we see the bodies of three dead Egyptian men – one of these bodies has been intentionally blurred out during the photographic development process. Depictions of human death complicate the idea of ruin. Building upon the articulation of rubble by Walter Benjamin and the concept of necropolitcs as theorized by Achille Mbembe, I posit here that visual representations of human death toll resist the articulation of destruction as ruin and speak to its conceptual presence as rubble. It is through an articulation of the ruin as rubble that historiography can begin to illuminate significance and severity of political violence.